Pioneering Electrical

Electronic components do have a small size, but from that small size, if assembled together, they can make a tool that can help our work such as computers for example. But this time we will not discuss the problem of components contained in the computer, which we will discuss this time is nothing but tips for buying the components you need to assemble an electronic device that has a special function. It seems that it is very simple to buy these electronic components.  Maybe you think you just need to come to an electrical component store and choose an electronic component with a suitable name, but what is actually not that easy because there are times when the electronic components you need to buy have various differences even though they have the same name. An example is a resistor that has various voltages. Therefore, we will provide some tips to make it easier for you to buy the components you need. The following is an easy and precise way to buy electronic components at an elec...

Solar Cell, or what in Indonesian is called a solar cell, is a semiconductor device that converts light energy into electrical energy. The diodes in the solar cell are specially made and made of crystalline silicon. When a light hits the active surface of these cells, the electrons inside will be loose, some electrons which have enough energy, will move through the diode junction. The electrons that have moved, cannot return without going through an external circuit. This transfer of electrons produces electrical energy. the more electrons that move, the greater the electrical energy produced. On a large scale, the conversion of solar power carried out by solar cells, sometimes creates a few problems, including variations in the output voltage and the changes that accompany it when the amount of light is limited, but this can be compensated for on a smaller scale by storing the energy generated for peak period in a battery. Small-scale solar cells, which are of course low cost, become ...

Electronic schematics are of course very important if you want to assemble an electronic device. It is your first obligation before starting to assemble electronic components to create an electronic layout or schematic of the PCB that you will use later. Actually there are lots of ways to design electronic schemes in the form of layouts for placing electronic components on the PCB that you can use later. You can use a breadboard which is already very well known to be used to test the circuit functions that you make at the same time it can also be used to design electronic schemes on PCBs that you will need later to assemble components at the final stage. Well but now you also have the option of using your computer to design your PCB layout later. Of course, you need to have the software first to be able to design a PCB layout using your computer. In this article, we will discuss what software you can use to design your PCB layout. The first software that is most popular to use for PCB ...

Type P silicon, as I said in the previous article, there are two types of semiconductor silicon, namely N type silicon and P type silicon. This article will discuss about P-type silicon. If N-type silicon is a mixture of silicon and phosphorus, where silicon has 4 electron elements and phosphorus has 5 electron elements, 1 electron from phosphorus will continue to move because it cannot be bound by the four pairs of electrons. So on the contrary, P-type silicon is a mixture of silicon which has 4 electron elements mixed with materials or materials that have 3 electron elements, such as boron, aluminum, indium, and gallium. Now we will try to mix silicon with boron. Boron gas has only three electrons in its outer shell and can only bind three of the four surrounding silicon atoms. This leaves a single silicon atom with a vacant location in the outer shell, called "holes," these holes are considered to be carriers of positive charge. When an electric voltage is applied througho...

  Silicon type N, as I have stated in the previous article about silicon that Silicon is a chemical element in the periodic table which has the symbol Si and atomic number 14, is the second most abundant element on earth. where silicon is a material or material that has semiconductor properties. What I will say in this article is about Type N Silicon. Before I explain further, it is better if I first mention that there are two types of silicon, namely type N and type P. The use of type N and type P is a basic concept in transistor design. Pure silicon is not actually a conductor, but can be made conductive by mixing it with other elements into its crystal structure, which is then known as N-Type Silicon or P-Type Silicon. So now we will make an experiment by combining silicon with phosphorus. An element which has five valence electrons such as phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth, whereas silicon has four electron elements. If this phosphorus is mixed or combined with silicon,...

This article will discuss about the Cell Phone Camera Sensor. This topic is more about electronics which are more general in nature. In the past, the camera embedded in a cellphone was only an additional feature, not as a main feature. But in the end, the camera technology in cell phones developed rapidly. Initially the camera on the cellphone has a CIF or VGA capacity, then it has grown to 1.3MP then 2MP until now the Nokia 808 PureView has a superior camera with a capacity of 41MP. Currently, cellphone camera sensors already have sophisticated technology and have camera results that are comparable to standard cameras. Like the Nokia N8, which carries the first camera phone technology for a 12MP lens. And it is one of the first camera phones to feature Carl Zeis optics with Xenon flash. Some of the camera sensors of mobile phones are designed to resemble compact digital cameras and have good camera qualities and features like the Sony Ericsson Cybershot. But did you know that cellphon...

  Resistors or so-called resistance are electronic components that are always used in every electronic circuit because they function as regulators of electric current as needed. Resistors are denoted or abbreviated by the letter "R". The unit of resistor is Ohm, which comes from its inventor, namely George Simon Ohm (1787 - 1854). He is a German physicist. A resistor has several forms. If you open an electronic device, such as a radio, you will find a lot of resistors, from elliptical, rectangular, horseshoe and others. A resistor has 5 rings or bracelets, namely the first bracelet, second bracelet, third bracelet (for multipliers), fourth bracelet (for tolerance), and fifth bracelet (for quality). In addition, these rings are usually made in several colors. To read the color code for a resistor band, the following table is given below: But in practice, sometimes the designer or electronic device maker requires a resistor with a certain value, while the required value is diff...

This article I want to discuss about electronic circuits. I have discussed quite a lot in previous articles, but after I looked around, it turns out I haven't discussed what an electronic circuit is. So before I go any further, first of all let's look at the computer or television set. We can see in it a line of foreign objects attached to a pair of printed circuit boards. Some of these objects are elliptical, rectangular, rectangular, some are flat and many have unique shapes. These objects are neatly arranged and lined up, quite interesting to look at. These objects are what are called electronic components, such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, ICs and other components. From the description above, it can be concluded that an electronic circuit is a series consisting of various electronic components arranged in such a way as to function in accordance with the wishes of the designer. Basically, in the field of electronics, especially regarding how to assemble an ...

  An electronic circuit is a series consisting of various electronic components that have special functions. It is a brief definition of what an electronic circuit actually is that will be studied in advanced electronic engineering. Before you learn directly about reading electronic schemes and assembling electronic components into an electronic circuit, it's a good idea to first understand some of the important things contained in these electronic circuits. There are many kinds of electronic circuits that you will encounter when you study electrical engineering. However, we usually divide these kinds of electronic circuits into two types of electronic circuits which of course we will discuss in this article. The following are two kinds of sharing electronic circuits that will make it easier for you to learn them. Simple circuit: A simple circuit is a circuit that has a very simple electronic scheme and usually only consists of a few components and these components are common compo...

Electronic components are the most important parts in an electronic device. It is the components that make an electronic device function properly. If you have the intention to study electrical engineering, you should first start learning about the functions of several important electronic components that are often used in electronic circuits. In this article we will provide information about the various components that are often used in electronic circuits. For those of you who want to learn about the world of electrical engineering, you can start to understand the names and functions of some of the components in this article. At least by knowing about electronic components, you can start assembling basic electronic devices that are easy to make. The following are some of the electronic components that you must know before you dive into the world of electrical engineering. We will divide the types of components into two, namely passive and active components. Active type electronic comp...

  Phototransistor is a transistor which functions to move electric current from one side to the other using light. It is used in various sensors that detect the presence of light. This phototransistor combines a diode and a transistor together to be able to produce more output. A junction transistor, has different functions, some function as a light absorber (collector) and emit light (emitter lead) or some function as a light carrier (base lead); when this light-carrying transistor is exposed to light through a small lens, the collector will absorb more as the light intensity increases, as a result of the strengthening of the current carried by the transistor structure. Like diodes, all transistors are sensitive to light. The phototransistor is thus specially designed to take advantage of this fact. The most common variant is the NPN bipolar transistor with an open base region. Here, the light illuminating the base, replaces what the mains voltage would normally provide - so a pho...

Photodiode is a light sensor (photodetector) that allows current to flow in one direction from one side to the other when it absorbs photons (light). The more light, the more current will flow. This photodiode is commonly used to detect light pulses in optical fibers and others that are sensitive to light motion, it works the opposite of a light emitting diode (see LED). So the difference is when a photodiode detects light and then creates a conductive path that allows electricity to flow. Meanwhile, the LED receives electricity and then emits light. Are solar cells a photodiode? Solar Cell is a photodiode which is chemically processed, but it is different from the photodiode which is used as a switch or relay. When the cells in the solar cell are exposed to light, the silicon material contained in them will be attracted and move to a place where it will gradually generate an electric current. It takes a large diode cell arrangement to be able to meet the electricity needs of a house. ...

Electrical engineering is not the same electronic engineering that most people think of. Maybe you don't know about this either because there are so many people who think that electricity and electronics are the same science, only different names are used. For those of you who may currently be interested in studying electronic circuits that use low currents more often, you mean that you are studying electronic engineering. If you want to know more about what are the differences between these two engineering sciences that are often considered the same, then you can read them in this article which will explore more about what exactly is in electrical engineering and electronic engineering. Before you start deciding which science to lean towards between electrical engineering and electronic engineering, it's a good idea to look at some of the things you will learn in each of these sciences which will also show the differences between the two sciences that are considered the same b...

Digital electronics is the result of technological development from analog electronics. Everything becomes easier when the digital era has emerged. This is proven by the number of electronic devices that are starting to appear with a smaller volume but with a million advantages in their capabilities. Indeed, compared to analog electronics, digital electronics are very far from the advantages that can be obtained from using this type of digital. in this article, we will discuss what are the actual differences between the two types of electronics. By understanding the differences between these two types of digital and analog electronics, we hope that you will find it easier to learn and use them to support technological advances in your life. The following are some of the very clear differences between digital and analog electronics that we can feel Digital circuits are easier to make because they don't have the complexity of analog electronic circuits that require us to calculate th...

Electronic circuits do not always have to use a PCB to assemble them. If you still don't feel you have the ability to use PCBs to assemble electronic circuits which may still be a little difficult and make you confused, you can try testing the assembly of electronic components on a plastic board called a breadboard. This breadboard is intended as an initial project board or often referred to as an electronic design test board. By using this breadboard, you don't need to be too confused in making an electrical circuit because you just need to connect various electronic components on this board, which have lots of holes that are provided to assemble various components. In addition to making it easier for you to test the electronic circuit that you will assemble on the PCB first in the breadboard, even by using this board you can save a lot of expenses because you don't need to be afraid of having to buy a PCB board again if there is an error or component damage that makes you...

  Multimeter or Avometer is an electric measuring device that can be used to measure voltage (voltmeter), resistance (ohmmeter) and electric current (ammeters). As explained in the previous article, there are 2 types of multimeter or avometer, namely digital and analog. The difference is that for analog, the meter indicator uses a needle, while the digital one uses the numbers indicated by a led light. The image below shows the difference between a digital and analog multimeter or avometer: test Analog Multimeter Digital Multimeter The parts of the multimeter or avometer are as follows: Step Switch This section is used to select the type of quantity to be measured by the measurement range. ZERO Control Screw Before taking the measurement, the needle must indicate exactly ZERO, otherwise the control screw ZERO must be reset. ZERO button For each resistance measurement, the ZERO button must be adjusted so that the needle points exactly to ZERO. Investigator Cables The RED cable is at...

  CRT monitors are display tubes that are widely used in television screens, computer monitor screens, video monitors and oscilloscopes using CRT technology. Sensiri CRT is short for Cathode Ray Tube or in Indonesian it means Cathode Ray Tube. This CRT technology was invented by Karl Ferdinand Braun, who developed the work of Philo Farnsworth which was used in all television sets until the end of the 20th century. This CRT monitor is the basis for the development of plasma screens, LCDs and other forms of TV technology. In brief, how this CRT monitor works can be explained as follows: Cathode rays are a high-speed flow of electrons emitted from a cathode that is heated by a heating element in a vacuum tube. In a cathode ray tube, the electrons are directed, directed into a beam of electrons, and this electron beam is focused by means of a "yoke deflection" by a magnetic field to be directed towards the horizontal and vertical positions to "scan" the surface at the p...

  Knowing the screen type is very necessary for those of you who want to buy a television, computer monitor or cellphone. because by knowing the type of screen, then you can determine what type of screen is good for your electronic device. Besides that, it doesn't interfere or harm your eye health. The more advanced the technology industry in the electronics sector, the more technology in the field of screens or displays is also developing. There are several types of screens that are currently used both for television, computer monitors or for cellphone screens. How can we recognize the screen type. The following is an explanation of screen types: TFT - LCD Stands for Thin Film Transistor - Liquid Crystal Display. This type of screen uses only one transistor and puts more emphasis on image quality, but consumes more electricity, which means it is wasteful of batteries when the device uses batteries. IPS - LCD Stands for In-Plane Switching - LCD. Unlike the TFT type, this type of sc...

  Electronics schematics is a blueprint of electronic circuits that you will encounter once you understand all the basic electronics science. However, before you start dealing directly with electronic schemes, some electronic circuits that might make you feel confused, it's a good idea to first understand some of the types of symbols that will appear in these electronic schemes. There are lots of symbols that you should really know. Therefore, we will share them in several articles to explain all these symbols. For this article, we will discuss some of the symbols of electronic components that will often be used in some of the basic electronic circuits that you will practice. The following are some of the basic electronic component symbols that you will encounter in an electronic schematic and to make it easier for you to understand the meaning of these symbols we will use image media to explain them. Resistor Symbol There are two kinds of symbols used to represent resistors in ele...

Transmission medium is the medium or device used to facilitate the connection between the sender and receiver of information (in this case data), because of the long distance. First the data is converted into code and this code will be manipulated in various ways to be converted back into data. Some electronic devices, such as telephones, computers, television, and radios require transmission media to receive data. As in a telephone, the transmission medium used to connect two telephones is a cable. Every electronic device has different transmission media in sending data. The characteristics of this transmission medium depend on: Types of electronic devices The data used by these electronic devices The level of effectiveness in sending data Size of data transmitted To get to know more about transmission media, below are several types of transmission media, namely as follows: 1. Twisted Pair Cable Twisted pair cable consists of two conductors that are joined in order to reduce or elimin...

  Capacitor, better known as capacitor, is an electronic device or component that can store electrical energy. In general, a capacitor consists of two metal plates that are isolated from each other by a dielectric. Dielectric is a material that can affect the value of the capacitance of the capacitor. The capacitance of a capacitor depends primarily on its shape and size depending on its capacity, mode of action, and voltage. The capacitor has a unit called the Farad, which is taken from the name Michael Faraday, a British scientist who earned the nickname "Father of Electricity", because thanks to his efforts electricity became a technology that was of many uses. One classification of capacitors comes from their dielectric physical state, which may be gas (or vacuum), liquid, solid, or a combination of these. Each classification can be divided according to the specific dielectric used. Capacitors can be further classified by their ability to be used in AC (Alternating-Curren...

An inductor is a passive electronic component that can store energy in a magnetic field generated by an electric current passing through it. Usually this inductor is in the form of a conductor wire that is formed around a coil, this winding will help create a strong magnetic field in the coil. Another understanding states that this inductor is a basic electronic component used in circuits whose current and voltage vary due to the inductor's ability to process alternating current. These inductors include devices of various uses, sizes and types, including components for surge power filters, radio wave control circuits, electric measuring circuits, and energy storage devices. Just like capacitors, inductors can also be classified into variable inductors, fixed inductors, and adjustable inductors. All inductors can be made with or without a magnetic core. An inductor without a magnetic core is called a coil air core, although the actual core material can be made of ceramic, plastic, o...

  Diode characteristics. As I have previously said, a diode is an electro component that has two active channels, anode and a cathode, but sometimes has three channels where the other channel only functions as a heater, where an electric current can flow in it and is usually used because of its nature that allows current to flow only one direction, against the flow of another. To make an electronic device, many of the electronic designers use the basic material taken from semiconductor materials, be it Germanium (Ge), Silicon (Si) and so on, where these semiconductor materials have the same valence electrons. The connection of type P and Type N semiconductor materials that underlie an active electronic device is called a diode. The diode has an anode electrode that has a positive pole and a cathode electrode that has a negative pole. The diode symbol can be described as follows: In applying its voltage, the diode has characteristics. There are two characteristics of a diode, namely...